Overview of C# Program Structure

C# is a versatile programming language that follows a specific structure to create functional programs. This guide outlines the main components of a C# program, making it easy for beginners to understand.

Key Components of a C# Program

1. Namespaces
   • Used to organize code and prevent naming conflicts.
   • A program can contain multiple namespaces.
2. Classes
   • The building blocks of C# programs.
   • Contain methods and variables.
3. Main Method
   • The entry point of every C# program.
   • Execution starts from the Main method.
4. Methods
   • Blocks of code that perform specific tasks.
   • Can return values or be void (no return).
5. Variables
   • Containers for storing data.
   • Must be declared with a type (e.g., int, string).
6. Comments
   • Used to explain code and make it more readable.
   • Not executed by the program.

Example:

// This is a single-line comment
/* This is a 
   multi-line comment */

Example:

int age = 30;
string name = "Alice";

Example:

static void Greet()
{
    Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}

Example:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    // Code to be executed
}

Example:

class HelloWorld
{
    // Class content goes here
}

Example:

using System;

Example of a Simple C# Program

Here is a complete example that puts all the components together:

using System;

class HelloWorld
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Call the Greet method
        Greet();
    }

    static void Greet()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    }
}

Explanation of the Example

• Namespaces: using System; allows access to the System namespace which contains fundamental classes.
• Class: HelloWorld is the class that encapsulates the program.
• Main Method: static void Main(string[] args) is where the program starts executing.
• Method: Greet() is a custom method that prints a greeting.
• Output: When executed, this program will display "Hello, World!" in the console.

Conclusion

Understanding the basic structure of a C# program is essential for beginners. By familiarizing yourself with namespaces, classes, methods, variables, and comments, you will be well on your way to writing effective C# code.