Understanding C# Structs

What is a Struct?

• Definition: A struct (short for structure) is a value type in C# that encapsulates data and related functionality together.
• Use Case: Structs are often used to define simple data types that group related variables.

Key Concepts

Value Type vs Reference Type

• Value Type: Structs are considered value types, meaning they store the actual data. When a struct is assigned to a new variable, a copy of the data is made.
• Reference Type: In contrast, classes are reference types that point to the memory location where the data is stored.

Syntax of Structs

Structs are declared similarly to classes but use the struct keyword:

struct Person
{
    public string Name;
    public int Age;
}

Creating and Using Structs

To create an instance of a struct, follow this syntax:

Person person1;
person1.Name = "John";
person1.Age = 30;

You can also initialize a struct using a constructor:

struct Person
{
    public string Name;
    public int Age;

    public Person(string name, int age)
    {
        Name = name;
        Age = age;
    }
}

Person person1 = new Person("John", 30);

When to Use Structs

• Small Data Structures: Use structs for small data structures that contain related data but do not require inheritance.
• Performance: Structs can be more efficient than classes for small data types due to their value type nature.

Limitations of Structs

• Inheritance: Structs cannot inherit from another struct or class, nor can they serve as the base of a class.
• Default Constructor: Structs do not allow a default constructor (a constructor with no parameters).

Conclusion

Structs in C# provide a powerful way to group related data. They are value types that offer a lightweight alternative to classes for simple data structures. When appropriately used, structs can enhance performance and improve code organization.