Introduction to MongoDB

MongoDB is a popular NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. This unique structure allows for easier management of unstructured data compared to traditional relational databases.

Key Concepts

1. NoSQL Database

• Unlike traditional SQL databases, MongoDB does not use tables and rows.
• Data is stored in documents (similar to JSON) within collections.

2. Document Structure

• Documents are composed of key-value pairs.
• Example of a document:

{
  "name": "John Doe",
  "age": 30,
  "email": "[email protected]",
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Main St",
    "city": "Anytown"
  }
}

3. Collections

• A collection is a group of MongoDB documents.
• Collections are analogous to tables in relational databases but do not enforce a schema.

4. Database

• A MongoDB database contains collections and represents the highest-level structure in MongoDB.

Benefits of MongoDB

• Scalability: Capable of handling large volumes of data and high-throughput operations.
• Flexibility: Supports dynamic schemas, enabling changes to document structures with ease.
• Performance: Optimized for rapid reading and writing of substantial data amounts.

Basic Operations

1. Creating a Database

Use the command:

use myDatabase

2. Inserting Documents

To add a new document to a collection:

db.myCollection.insertOne({ name: "Jane Doe", age: 25 })

3. Querying Documents

To retrieve documents from a collection:

db.myCollection.find({ age: { $gte: 20 } })

4. Updating Documents

To update a document:

db.myCollection.updateOne({ name: "Jane Doe" }, { $set: { age: 26 } })

5. Deleting Documents

To delete a document:

db.myCollection.deleteOne({ name: "Jane Doe" })

Conclusion

MongoDB is a powerful and flexible tool for managing unstructured data through its document-oriented approach. Its scalability and user-friendly design have made it a favored choice among developers and businesses alike.