Summary of Java Basic Operators

Java provides a variety of operators that are essential for performing operations on variables and values. A solid understanding of these operators is crucial for writing effective Java programs.

Key Concepts

1. What are Operators?

Operators are special symbols in Java that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then return a result.

2. Types of Operators in Java

Java operators can be categorized into several types:

A. Arithmetic Operators

• Used for performing basic mathematical operations.
• Examples:
  • Addition (+): a + b
  • Subtraction (-): a - b
  • Multiplication (*): a * b
  • Division (/): a / b
  • Modulus (%): a % b (remainder of division)

B. Relational Operators

• Used to compare two values.
• Examples:
  • Equal to (==): a == b
  • Not equal to (!=): a != b
  • Greater than (>): a > b
  • Less than (<): a < b
  • Greater than or equal to (>=): a >= b
  • Less than or equal to (<=): a <= b

C. Logical Operators

• Used to combine multiple boolean expressions.
• Examples:
  • Logical AND (&&): a && b
  • Logical OR (||): a || b
  • Logical NOT (!): !a

D. Bitwise Operators

• Operate on bits and perform bit-by-bit operations.
• Examples:
  • Bitwise AND (&): a & b
  • Bitwise OR (|): a | b
  • Bitwise XOR (^): a ^ b
  • Bitwise Complement (~): ~a
  • Left Shift (<<): a << 2
  • Right Shift (>>): a >> 2

E. Assignment Operators

• Used to assign values to variables.
• Examples:
  • Simple assignment (=): a = 5
  • Add and assign (+=): a += 3 (equivalent to a = a + 3)
  • Subtract and assign (-=): a -= 2 (equivalent to a = a - 2)

F. Unary Operators

• Operate on a single operand.
• Examples:
  • Unary Plus (+): +a
  • Unary Minus (-): -a
  • Increment (++): ++a or a++
  • Decrement (--): --a or a--

G. Ternary Operator

• A shorthand for the if-else statement, taking three operands.
• Syntax: condition ? expression1 : expression2
• Example: int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // assigns a or b to max based on which is greater

3. Operator Precedence

Operators have a specific precedence that determines the order in which operations are performed. Higher precedence operators are evaluated first.

Conclusion

Understanding these basic operators in Java is essential for performing calculations, making comparisons, and controlling the flow of execution in your programs. Practice using these operators to become familiar with their behavior and effects in different scenarios.