Summary of C Math Functions

C provides a set of mathematical functions that allow programmers to perform various mathematical operations easily. These functions are part of the standard library and can be included using the #include <math.h> directive.

Key Concepts

• Mathematical Functions: Functions that perform arithmetic operations and calculations.
• Standard Library: A collection of pre-written code that saves time and reduces errors in programming.

Commonly Used Math Functions

1. Basic Operations

pow(double base, double exponent): Returns base raised to the power of exponent.

double result = pow(2.0, 3.0); // result is 8.0

sqrt(double x): Returns the square root of x.

double result = sqrt(16.0); // result is 4.0

2. Trigonometric Functions

• sin(double x): Returns the sine of x (where x is in radians).
• cos(double x): Returns the cosine of x.
• tan(double x): Returns the tangent of x.

double angle = 1.0; // radians
double sineValue = sin(angle);

3. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

• exp(double x): Returns e raised to the power of x.
• log(double x): Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.
• log10(double x): Returns the base 10 logarithm of x.

double exponentialValue = exp(1.0); // e^1

4. Rounding Functions

• ceil(double x): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
• floor(double x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.
• round(double x): Rounds x to the nearest integer.

double roundedValue = round(4.5); // result is 5.0

Conclusion

Utilizing math functions in C enables programmers to conduct complex calculations efficiently. By including the math.h library, you gain access to a wide range of functions to perform operations such as exponentiation, trigonometric calculations, and more.

Example Program

Here’s a simple example demonstrating the use of some math functions:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
    double number = 9.0;

    printf("Square root: %f\n", sqrt(number));
    printf("2 raised to power 3: %f\n", pow(2.0, 3.0));
    printf("Sine of 0: %f\n", sin(0));
    
    return 0;
}

This example showcases how to effectively use various math functions in a C program.