Comprehensive Guide to C# Programming

C# Overview

C# is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. It is part of the .NET framework and is widely used for building Windows applications, web services, and more.

Key Concepts

1. Basic Syntax

C# code is structured using classes and methods.

using System;

class HelloWorld
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
    }
}

2. Data Types

C# supports various data types, such as:

• int: Integer type
• float: Floating-point type
• char: Single character
• string: Sequence of characters
• bool: Boolean type (true/false)

3. Control Structures

C# uses standard control structures for decision making and looping:

• if statements for conditional execution.
• for, while, and foreach for looping through collections.

int number = 10;
if (number > 5)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Number is greater than 5");
}

4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

C# supports OOP principles such as:

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods in classes.
• Inheritance: Creating new classes based on existing ones.
• Polymorphism: Using a single interface to represent different types.

5. Exception Handling

C# provides a robust framework for handling exceptions using try, catch, and finally blocks.

try
{
    int result = 10 / 0; // This will throw an exception
}
catch (DivideByZeroException e)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Cannot divide by zero.");
}
finally
{
    Console.WriteLine("Execution completed.");
}

Conclusion

C# is a versatile language ideal for beginners as well as experienced developers. Understanding its syntax, data types, control structures, OOP principles, and exception handling is essential for effective programming in C#. This quick guide serves as a foundational overview for anyone looking to start programming in C#.