Comprehensive C++ Language Cheatsheet for Beginners

This cheatsheet provides a concise overview of C++ programming concepts, syntax, and key features, serving as a handy reference for beginners.

1. Basic Syntax

• Comments:
  • Single line: // This is a comment
  • Multi-line: /* This is a comment */

Program Structure:

 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

2. Data Types

• Primitive Data Types:
  • int: Integer (e.g., int x = 5;)
  • float: Floating-point number (e.g., float y = 3.14;)
  • double: Double precision floating-point (e.g., double z = 2.718;)
  • char: Character (e.g., char c = 'a';)
  • bool: Boolean (true or false) (e.g., bool flag = true;)

3. Variables

Declaration and Initialization:

int age = 25; // Declaration and initialization

4. Operators

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational Operators: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
• Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

5. Control Structures

• Loops:

While Loop:

while (condition) {
    // code
}

For Loop:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    // code
}

Conditional Statements:

if (condition) {
    // code
} else {
    // code
}

6. Functions

Example:

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

Function Declaration:

returnType functionName(parameters) {
    // code
}

7. Arrays

Initialization:

int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

Declaration:

int numbers[5]; // Array of integers

8. Pointers

Example:

int x = 10;
ptr = &x; // ptr now holds the address of x

Declaration:

int* ptr; // Pointer to int

9. Classes and Objects

Object Creation:

MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
myObj.myNumber = 5;

Class Declaration:

class MyClass {
public:
    int myNumber;
    void myFunction() {
        // code
    }
};

10. Standard Library

Including Libraries:

#include <vector> // For using vectors
#include <string> // For using strings

Conclusion

This cheatsheet covers the fundamental aspects of C++ programming. It serves as a quick reference for syntax and basic concepts, making it easier for beginners to understand and write C++ code effectively.